This study aimed to examine the anatomical structures of the plant species Salsola nodulosa and Zygophyllum fabago. Material from the vegetative organs of Salsola nodulosa and both vegetative and some generative organs of Zygophyllum fabago were used for the research. Cross-sections obtained from various organs were analyzed under a microscope, and the results, including photomicrographs, are presented in the main text of the article. The leaf blades of Salsola nodulosa, a succulent species, possess a specific elongated circular structure, with chloroplast-containing tissues concentrated in the peripheral zones. The positioning characteristics of its vascular bundles differ according to the anatomical structure of the leaf. The roots of the plant exhibit a distinct structure, with repeated xylem and phloem rings. In the generative organs of Zygophyllum fabago, specifically the petals, a significant accumulation of carotenoid chromoplasts is observed, which give the petals their specific coloration. The petiole and stem of the plant contain sclerenchyma tissue, which serve as structural support. Sclereids are found in the roots as mechanical tissue elements. Anatomical studies of plants distributed in various regions are crucial for understanding the specific characteristics of individual species and identifying the regularities of anatomical changes in plants adapted to different ecological conditions. The research primarily focuses on the structural adaptations of Salsola nodulosa and Zygophyllum fabago species in arid and saline ecosystems under conditions of ecological pressure.