ABSTRACT This study reports the newly identified distribution areas of the genus Aethionema R. Br. (family Brassicaceae Burnett) in the highland regions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, with particular attention to the Julfa and Ordubad districts. Worldwide, the Brassicaceae comprises more than 3,709 species in 338 genera; in the flora of Azerbaijan the family is represented by 248 species across 74 genera, and in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic by 165 species from 67 genera, among which Aethionema R. Br. is one of the species-rich genera. During field expeditions and free routes conducted in 2022–2024, covering the period of intensive flowering and fruiting (June–July), the ecological-geographical conditions of the genus were examined and distribution maps were produced. The study areas — the surroundings of the villages of Milakh, Arafsa, Teyvaz, and Bekahmed in the Julfa district and the village of Nurgut in the Ordubad district — lie between 1781 and 2479 m above sea level, and their coordinates were recorded with a Garmin eTrex 30x GPS device. Eight species of Aethionema R. Br. were recorded — A. arabicum, A. cardiophyllum, A. cordatum, A. diastrophis, A. edentulum, A. fimbriatum, A. pulchellum, and A. szowitsii — occurring mainly on dry, rocky, gravelly, and stony slopes of the lower and middle mountain belts. Aethionema pulchellum Boiss. & Huet., a multi-stemmed, semi-shrubby plant 15–30 cm high with pink petals, was studied in detail, and the herbaceous-shrub formation in which it participates was analyzed. This formation comprises 28 species; by ecological group, 14 species (50%) are xerophytes, 7 (25%) mesophytes, 4 (14.28%) xeromesophytes, and 3 (10.71%) mesoxerophytes, with Grammosciadium platycarpum as the dominant and Centaurea Behen as the subdominant species. A table detailing the family, genus, life form, and ecological group of the constituent species, together with a distribution map of the recorded taxa, is provided. The results contribute to the documentation and conservation of Brassicaceae diversity in the arid highlands of Nakhchivan under conditions of global climate change.