ABSTRACT This study presents the results of an investigation into the biodiversity and distributional areas of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat (Triticum spp.) species in Azerbaijan. The contrasting soil and climatic conditions, vertical zonality, and abundant solar radiation of the region have formed rich biodiversity, confirming Azerbaijan as one of the primary centres of wheat origin and diversification. A total of 14 wheat species have been identified in Azerbaijan: three diploid hulled species (Triticum urartu, T. boeoticum, and T. monococcum); seven tetraploid species including two hulled forms — one wild (T. araraticum) and one cultivated (T. dicoccum) — and five free-threshing naked-grain species (T. durum, T. turgidum, T. turanicum, T. polonicum, and T. carthlicum); and four hexaploid species comprising two hulled forms (T. spelta and T. vavilovii) and two free-threshing forms (T. aestivum and T. compactum). Botanical variety data from field collections spanning all major agro-ecological zones are presented. Given the ongoing threat of genetic erosion, urgent collection, comprehensive study, and ex situ conservation of all endangered wheat species in Azerbaijan is strongly recommended.