Abstract. The main objective of the research is to conduct a comparative ecological anatomical analysis of the medicinally important species Salvia nemorosa, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is distributed in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan under both in situ and ex situ conditions. Comparative anatomical analyses were carried out using anatomical, microscopic, histochemical, and biometric methods to determine how anatomical variability may be reflected in the ecotypes of the same species and to explore their environmental adaptation capabilities. Anatomical sections prepared from the studied species were subjected to histological staining using reagents, and permanent slides were then prepared from these samples. Microscopic investigations revealed that in the leaves of S. nemorosa, the functional activity of tectorial and capitate trichomes was identified in the in situ sample, in contrast to the ex situ sample. Granular inclusions were observed in the libriform fibers of the root of the S. nemorosa specimen grown under in situ conditions. A tetrarch type of protoxylem structure was observed in the root of the in situ specimen, while a hexarch type was formed in the ex situ specimen. The identified ecotopic structural adaptations represent an advancement in the field of ecological anatomy and hold significant scientific and practical importance.