Abstract. This study examines the biological and geographical diversity of the Lamiaceae family within the flora of Azerbaijan, particularly in the Lankaran region, which encompasses the Lankaran Plain, mountainous areas, Lankaran-Mughan, and Diabar (Zuvand). The findings highlight the region’s rich ecosystems and significant floristic heritage. The identified species have been systematically classified based on their aromatic, spice-producing, essential oil-bearing, medicinal, and technical properties. Their morphological characteristics have also been analyzed. This research provides a scientific foundation for biodiversity studies and the conservation of regional flora. The results confirm that Lamiaceae exhibits substantial biological and ecological diversity in the Lankaran region and Azerbaijan. This diversity is crucial for the study of local flora, conservation strategies, and sustainable biodiversity management. Understanding the ecological roles of these species contributes to environmental sustainability, emphasizing the importance of preserving native plant diversity for maintaining ecological balance and supporting sustainable development.