Abstract. The main objective of the research is to conduct a comparative ecological anatomical
analysis of the medicinally important species Salvia nemorosa, which belongs to the Lamiaceae
family and is distributed in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan under both in situ and ex
situ conditions. Comparative anatomical analyses were carried out using anatomical, microscopic,
histochemical, and biometric methods to determine how anatomical variability may be reflected
in the ecotypes of the same species and to explore their environmental adaptation capabilities.
Anatomical sections prepared from the studied species were subjected to histological staining
using reagents, and permanent slides were then prepared from these samples. Microscopic
investigations revealed that in the leaves of S. nemorosa, the functional activity of tectorial and
capitate trichomes was identified in the in situ sample, in contrast to the ex situ sample. Granular
inclusions were observed in the libriform fibers of the root of the S. nemorosa specimen grown
under in situ conditions. A tetrarch type of protoxylem structure was observed in the root of the
in situ specimen, while a hexarch type was formed in the ex situ specimen. The identified ecotopic
structural adaptations represent an advancement in the field of ecological anatomy and hold
significant scientific and practical importance.